Back to Blog

Secure by Design: How Convox Solves the Infrastructure Access Control Problem

The Costly Mistake: When Access Controls Go Wrong

It was 3 AM when Sarah, the lead DevOps engineer at a rapidly growing SaaS startup, received the dreaded alert. A junior developer, attempting to test some code changes on their staging environment, had accidentally deployed to production instead—overwriting critical configuration settings and causing an outage that affected thousands of customers.

The mistake was simple but devastating: the developer had been given overly broad access credentials that didn't distinguish between environments. With a single mistyped command, months of careful system tuning was erased, customer data was temporarily inaccessible, and the company's reputation took a hit they'd be recovering from for months.

This scenario plays out with alarming frequency across organizations of all sizes. According to a recent IBM security report, 95% of cybersecurity breaches involve human error, and misconfigured access controls represent one of the most common vulnerabilities. The problem isn't just external threats—it's also about protecting your infrastructure from well-intentioned internal mistakes.

Common Anti-Patterns in Infrastructure Security

Before diving into solutions, let's identify the most prevalent security anti-patterns that put organizations at risk:

Shared Cloud Credentials

Many teams rely on a small set of shared AWS or cloud provider credentials distributed among team members. This approach creates several critical problems:

  • No Accountability: When everyone uses the same credentials, it becomes impossible to determine who made a specific change.
  • No Granularity: Shared credentials typically have extensive permissions, giving everyone access to everything—far more than they need.
  • Credential Sprawl: As shared credentials spread, they often end up in insecure locations like email, chat logs, or even commit histories.

Lack of Granular Permissions

Even when organizations move beyond shared credentials, they often fail to implement the principle of least privilege. Developers end up with excessive permissions because:

  • Creating granular permission schemes is complex and time-consuming
  • Teams prioritize developer productivity over security
  • Permission structures don't evolve as applications and infrastructure grow

Poor Secrets Management

Credentials and sensitive configuration details frequently end up hardcoded in:

  • Application code
  • Configuration files
  • CI/CD pipelines
  • Environment variables without appropriate protections

Inconsistent Security Across Environments

Many organizations implement stringent controls for production environments but leave development and staging environments relatively unprotected. This creates significant risks:

  • Development environments often contain production-like data
  • Security vulnerabilities in development can propagate to production
  • Teams develop habits in less secure environments that carry over to production work

Absence of Audit Trails

Without comprehensive logging and auditing, organizations struggle to:

  • Detect unauthorized or inappropriate access
  • Understand how security incidents occurred
  • Meet compliance requirements for access tracking
  • Provide evidence during security audits

How Convox Addresses the Access Control Problem

Convox was designed from the ground up to solve these infrastructure security challenges. By building security into the platform's architecture rather than treating it as an add-on, Convox provides a "secure by design" approach to infrastructure management.

Fine-Grained Role-Based Access Control (RBAC)

Convox implements sophisticated role-based access control through its RBAC system that allows organizations to define exactly who can access what resources and what actions they can perform:

  • Predefined Roles: Convox provides managed roles like Administrator, OperatorV2, and DeveloperV2, each with carefully configured permission sets.
  • Custom Role Creation: Organizations can define custom roles through the Console's Roles tab with precisely the permissions needed for specific teams or functions.
  • Resource-Level Permissions: Permissions can be scoped to specific applications, racks, or other resources using explicit resource names, lists, or regex patterns.
  • Action-Based Controls: Permissions distinguish between read and write operations, following a zero-trust model where access is denied by default.

This level of granularity ensures that everyone has exactly the access they need to do their job—and nothing more. A developer working on a specific application can deploy to development environments without having access to production systems or other applications.

Enterprise SSO Integration and Authentication

Secure access begins with secure authentication. Convox seamlessly integrates with enterprise identity providers through its Integrations feature:

  • Single Sign-On (SSO): Integration with identity providers including GitHub, and custom SAML providers (Enterprise)
  • Centralized User Management: Manage all users from a single Console interface
  • Role Assignment: Easily assign appropriate roles to users based on their responsibilities
  • Centralized Authentication: Eliminate the proliferation of separate credentials for different systems

This integration ensures that when an employee leaves the organization or changes roles, their access can be quickly updated or revoked across all infrastructure resources, eliminating dangerous lingering access.

Secure Secrets Management via Environment Variables

Convox provides a robust system for managing sensitive configuration and credentials through its Environment Variables feature:

  • Environment-Specific Variables: Different values can be set for development, staging, and production environments
  • Encrypted Storage: All environment variables are encrypted at rest
  • No Hardcoding: Applications retrieve environment variables at runtime, eliminating secrets in code
  • Restricted Access: Only authorized users can view or modify environment variables
  • Version Control: Changes to environment variables create new releases, providing clear audit trails

Environment variables can be managed through either the CLI or Console:

# Setting environment variables via CLI
$ convox env set KEY=value

# Creating a new release with environment changes
$ convox env set FOO=bar -a myapp
Setting FOO... OK
Release: RABCDEFGHI

Network Isolation with the Rack Architecture

Convox's Rack architecture provides natural security boundaries:

  • Service Isolation: Each service runs in its own isolated environment
  • Internal Services: Services can be configured as internal: true to be accessible only to other services within the Rack
  • Network Controls: Fine-grained control over communication between services using service discovery
  • Multi-Rack Separation: Critical applications can be isolated in separate Racks
  • Private Networking: AWS Racks can be configured with the private: true parameter to run in private subnets by default

The architecture is configured through the convox.yml file, allowing clear definition of service access:

services:
  web:
    port: 3000
  
  auth:
    internal: true
    port: 5000

This architecture minimizes the attack surface and contains potential security incidents, preventing them from affecting other parts of your infrastructure.

Comprehensive Audit Logging

Convox maintains detailed audit logs accessible through the Console:

  • Who: Every action is tied to a specific user or deploy key
  • What: Detailed information about what action was performed
  • When: Precise timestamps for all activities
  • Resource: Information about which rack, app, or other resource was affected
  • Result: Outcome of each action, including failures

The Console provides an intuitive interface to browse, search, and filter these logs, making it easy to investigate security incidents or conduct compliance audits. These logs provide invaluable information for security monitoring, compliance reporting, and incident investigation.

Additionally, application logs can be accessed via the convox logs command:

$ convox logs -a myapp
2020-01-01T00:00:00Z service/web/web-0123456789-abcde Starting myapp on port 3000

Automated Security Updates

Security isn't a one-time setup—it requires ongoing maintenance:

  • Rack Updates: Convox makes it easy to keep your infrastructure secure with simple rack updates
  • Containerized Applications: Application dependencies are isolated, reducing the impact of vulnerabilities
  • Infrastructure as Code: All infrastructure is defined as code through the convox.yml manifest
  • Release Management: Clear versioning of both infrastructure and applications

Convox makes updating your rack straightforward with a simple command:

$ convox rack update
Updating rack... OK

As documented in the CLI Rack Management section, you can also update to specific versions:

$ convox rack update 3.21.2
Updating rack... OK

This update process ensures that your infrastructure remains protected with the latest security patches and features.

Implementing Secure Access Control with Convox

Let's look at a practical example of how to implement secure access control using Convox.

Setting Up Different Roles

Convox makes it easy to define roles through the Convox Console. According to the RBAC documentation, you can create and manage roles from the Users page:

  1. Navigate to the Users page in the Console
  2. Select the Roles tab
  3. Click Create Role to define a new role or Clone to create a role based on an existing template

The Console provides a user-friendly interface to define role permissions, where you can specify:

  • Resource types (Apps, Racks, Billing, etc.)
  • Resource names (specific applications or racks)
  • Permission types (Read or Write access)

Convox offers pre-created roles that mirror the existing legacy Console Roles:

Administrator Role:

  • Full access across all resources and permissions

OperatorV2 Role:

  • Can manage infrastructures (Write Racks)
  • Full control over applications and deployments (Write Applications)
  • Can manage external integrations (Write Integrations)
  • Has visibility into logs and can monitor operations (Read Audit Logs)

DeveloperV2 Role:

  • Can deploy and manage specific applications (Write Applications)
  • Has read-only access to infrastructure (Read Racks)
  • Can view jobs and the organization dashboard (Read Jobs, Read Dashboard)

These roles provide a secure foundation that can be customized to meet your organization's specific needs.

Creating and Using Deploy Keys with Limited Permissions

Deploy keys are limited scope API keys ideal for CI/CD pipelines. According to the Deploy Keys documentation, you create these through the Console:

  1. Log in to the Console and navigate to the Settings tab
  2. Go to the Deploy Keys section
  3. Provide a name for your deploy key and click Create

These keys have restricted permissions and can only execute specific commands:

  • build
  • builds
  • builds export/import
  • deploy
  • env set --replace
  • logs
  • rack
  • racks
  • releases promote (only with a specified release ID)
  • run

With RBAC, you can now assign custom roles to Deploy Keys, extending their default permissions for more flexibility.

Using a deploy key in your CI environment looks like this:

$ env CONVOX_HOST=console.convox.com CONVOX_PASSWORD= convox deploy
$ env CONVOX_HOST=console.convox.com CONVOX_PASSWORD= convox run web bin/migrate

Integrating with Identity Providers

Convox integrates with enterprise identity providers through the Console:

  1. Navigate to the Integrations section of the Console
  2. Add your identity provider like GitHub, or a custom SAML provider (Enterprise)
  3. Configure the connection settings according to your IdP's requirements
  4. Assign appropriate roles to users based on your organizational structure

Once configured, users can authenticate using their organizational credentials, and their access rights are determined by the roles assigned to them in Convox.

Reviewing Audit Logs for Security Incidents

Convox provides comprehensive audit logs through the Console:

  1. Navigate to the Audit Logs section in the Console
  2. Review a chronological list of all actions performed within your organization
  3. Filter logs by user, action type, date range, or other criteria
  4. Export logs for further analysis or compliance reporting

The audit logs track all significant actions including:

  • Deployments and promotions
  • Environment variable changes
  • Service scaling
  • User management actions
  • Authentication events

This visibility is crucial for security monitoring and compliance reporting, allowing you to track who performed what actions and when.

Meeting Compliance Requirements

For organizations in regulated industries, Convox's security features help meet common compliance requirements:

SOC2 Compliance

Convox helps satisfy key SOC2 controls:

  • Access Control: Fine-grained RBAC and SSO integration
  • Change Management: Versioned releases and deployment controls
  • Monitoring: Comprehensive audit logging
  • Risk Management: Network isolation and least-privilege architecture

HIPAA Compliance

Healthcare organizations can leverage Convox for HIPAA-compliant infrastructure:

  • Access Controls: Role-based restrictions and audit logs
  • Encryption: Data encryption in transit and at rest
  • Integrity Controls: Immutable infrastructure and versioned releases
  • Transmission Security: Secure network architecture

Conclusion: Security Without Sacrifice

The traditional trade-off between security and developer productivity creates a false dichotomy. Organizations often believe they must choose between robust security controls that slow development or streamlined processes that increase risk.

Convox eliminates this trade-off by making security an integral part of the platform rather than an impediment to productivity. With Convox:

  • Developers can work efficiently within appropriate boundaries
  • Security teams can implement robust controls without complex configuration
  • Operations teams gain visibility and auditability across all environments
  • Executives can confidently demonstrate compliance to regulators and customers

As infrastructure becomes increasingly complex and security threats more sophisticated, organizations need platforms that provide security by default rather than as an afterthought. Convox's "secure by design" approach ensures that even as your applications and team grow, your security posture remains strong.

By addressing the common anti-patterns in infrastructure security and providing integrated solutions for access control, authentication, secrets management, network isolation, and audit logging, Convox helps organizations build and deploy applications with confidence—knowing that their infrastructure is protected not just from external threats, but also from the well-intentioned mistakes that often cause the most damage.

Ready to strengthen your infrastructure security with Convox? Get Started Free today or reach out to our team at sales@convox.com for a personalized security assessment.

Let your team focus on what matters.